Agrostophyllum Bicuspidatum

Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum (syn. Agrostophyllum stipulatum subsp. bicuspidatum) is a rare, sympodial epiphytic orchid subshrub celebrated for its unique, spiky yellow-and-white flowers and compact growth, ideal for advanced collectors and terrarium enthusiasts.​

Detailed Description and Characteristics

This delicate epiphyte reaches 20-30 cm tall on slender, erect stems bearing distichous, dark green leaves (5-10 cm long, leathery, emarginate tips) and thin aerial roots for moisture uptake. Inflorescences emerge as dense, ball-like clusters (capitate-globose); flowers (4-5 mm) feature greenish-yellow fringed sepals, upward-curving horn-like petals, a white lip with purple spots and spiny texture, and an elongated column—creating a striking, otherworldly appearance. Pseudobulbs are minimal or absent, emphasizing its rhizomatous habit.​

Origin and Habitat

Native to wet tropical lowlands and montane forests (up to 1500m) in Western and Central Malesia, including Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia, Philippines, and nearby regions; grows primarily as an epiphyte on tree trunks/branches, rarely lithophytic. Thrives in humid, shaded rainforest canopies with consistent moisture and airflow; threatened by deforestation.​

Cultivation Guide

Grow mounted on cork bark or in small slatted baskets with potting mix of 50% live sphagnum moss, 30% fine charcoal, 20% perlite or chopped tree fern for drainage and aeration. Provide bright indirect light (1500-2500 fc, east-facing or shaded south), 24-28°C days/18-22°C nights, 70-90% humidity via daily misting/humidifier, and strong airflow to prevent rot. Water when medium approaches dry (every 3-5 days), using rainwater or RO; fertilize weakly (1/4 strength balanced orchid formula, e.g., 20-20-20) biweekly in growth phase, flush monthly. Repot every 2 years in spring. Challenging for beginners due to sensitivity to overwatering.​

Blooming Time and Propagation

Blooms March to August in habitat, potentially year-round in cultivation with stable conditions; flowers last 1-2 weeks in clusters. Propagate by rhizome division (ensure 3+ leads per section) or stem cuttings in high humidity; seed sowing is rare and slow (2-3 years to bloom).​

Specialties and Uses

Specialty lies in its bizarre, “horned” flowers—ornamental gems for orchid aficionados signaling Malesian biodiversity. No major medicinal/economic uses documented, unlike some Agrostophyllum relatives for perfumes; valued in conservation and niche horticulture.